A melanoma develops when pigment-producing cells called melanocytes change and begin to divide uncontrollably.
This change occurs because the DNA in these cells becomes damaged. You can think of DNA as the information that determines how a cell functions and when it should stop dividing.
What role does UV radiation play?
UV radiation from the sun and tanning beds can damage the DNA of skin cells. UV radiation is therefore an important risk factor for melanoma.
This does not mean that every melanoma is caused by a single clear instance of sunburn or a specific period in the sun. Damage can build up over time, and other factors also play a role.
Who is at higher risk for melanoma?
Some people have a higher chance of developing a melanoma. This applies, for example, to:
– fair skin that burns easily
– many moles or atypical moles
– a family history of melanoma
– a previous melanoma
– a weakened immune system
– older age
These factors do not mean that someone will definitely develop a melanoma. They only indicate that the risk is higher. People without these characteristics can also develop a melanoma.
Can a melanoma develop in a spot that sees little sun?
Yes.
A melanoma can also develop in a spot that is usually covered and has seen little sun.
So, while UV radiation plays an important role, it does not explain every melanoma. Genetic predisposition and changes in DNA can also be factors.
What is most important to remember?
A melanoma develops because pigment cells change and grow uncontrollably.
UV radiation is an important risk factor, but it is not the only factor involved. Therefore, you usually cannot pinpoint exactly what caused one specific melanoma after the fact.
